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Automotive ADAS function

Published Time: 2022-10-31 16:50:37
ADAS (Advanced Drive Assist System) is an advanced driver assistance system, ADAS is a transitional technology to realize autonomous driving.

ADAS is an integrated control system for active safety functions. It uses various sensors such as radars and cameras installed on the car to collect data on the surrounding environment of the car, and to identify, detect and track static and dynamic objects.

Combined with the map data of the navigator, system operation and analysis are carried out to make behavioral decisions, so as to make the driver aware of possible dangers in advance, and directly control the vehicle to avoid collisions if necessary. It can effectively improve driving safety and comfort.

 Key features of ADAS include: 

Automatic Parking System APA, Automatic Cruise System ACC, Automatic Emergency Braking AEB, Lane Departure Warning System LDW, Lane Keeping System LKA, Forward Collision Warning FCW, Pedestrian Collision Warning PCW, Vehicle Distance Monitoring Warning HMW, Traffic Sign Recognition TSR, High Beam Light Assist System HBA etc.

In the working process of the ADAS system, the main functions of on-board sensing technologies such as lidar, camera and radar are to perceive the surrounding environment in real time and provide the vehicle computer system with accurate road condition data, obstacles, road markings and other related information.

 How to know the ADAS level of a car 

Pay attention to ADAS when purchasing a car. As a developer of intelligent driving, I suggest that you can first understand the ADAS hardware configuration. In particular, some basic ADAS functions basically use the solutions of the suppliers, and the advantages and disadvantages are relatively obvious.

Cameras and radars are currently the most widely used ADAS sensors. Usually, we use V (video) and R (Radar) to refer to cameras and millimeter-wave radars, and numbers to indicate the number of configurations.

For example, 1R1V is an ADAS system composed of a radar and a camera. The usual configuration will have 1V, 1R, 1R1V, 3R1V, 5R1V and 5R multi-V. More sensors will bring more cost, but it will definitely increase the perceived accuracy and false negative rate indicators. Therefore, it can be initially assumed that ADAS systems with more sensors will perform better.

In the camera solution, Mobileye's camera chip > other camera chips, Mobileye Q4 > Mobileye Q3, multi-eye camera > monocular camera.

From the perspective of sensing solutions: the realization of functions such as acceleration and deceleration related functions ACC and AEB are completed by millimeter-wave radar, by front-view camera radar, and by the fusion of camera and radar.

(PS: Millimeter-wave radar is not good for non-metallic and static object recognition. The AEB function of the single-millimeter-wave radar solution may not perform well for pedestrians and low vehicle speeds. Unfamiliarity with this characteristic of radar may cause corresponding risks. The camera solution is less accurate for distance determination, and the functional experience may be worse. The fusion solution of the two can learn from each other and is relatively better.)

Understand the ADAS level from the perspective of functional experience. Below I list some experience indicators of some common ADAS:

ACC and full-speed ACC: Many ACC functions require the vehicle speed to work above 30km/h, while full-speed ACC can usually work at 0-150km/h.

Curve curvature adapted by LKA: The lane keeping assist LKA function requires that the radius of curvature of the curve is not less than 250m, and better perception solutions and steering system capabilities can allow the LKA function to adapt to smaller radius bends.

TJA function follows the stop start time: The traffic jam assist TJA function allows the vehicle to automatically follow and stop the preceding vehicle, which will save people a lot of worry when there is a traffic jam. Short-term congestion or even the stop of the preceding vehicle can prevent the driver from artificially operating. However, if the vehicle in front stops for a long time and then moves forward, the TJA function requires the driver to give a little accelerator to start. The longer the driver does not need to follow and stop the foot, the less the driver is involved, and the better the experience.

Short-term release time of the steering wheel: Take the TJA function as an example, which allows the driver to get off the steering wheel for a short time, and if the steering wheel is released for a long time, the system will issue a warning to prompt the driver to take over. The more time allowed to let go here, the better the driving experience will be. (PS: Traffic regulations require that both hands be off the steering wheel at the same time, but the development of technology may be able to break through this limit.)

Overall, the point of view of the driving experience is towards less driver takeover and intervention. These takeover reminder times, adaptation to road curvature, etc. cannot be achieved by simple calibration or settings. There is a lot of development, simulation, testing and verification work behind it to ensure the feasibility of the function. A better driving experience means more accurate perception, more scientific decision-making, and more precise execution.

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